Once thought to result from passive precipitation of calcium and phosphate, it now appears
that vascular calcification is a consequence of tightly regulated processes that culminate in …

Hyperparathyroidism occurs in most patients during the progression of chronic kidney
disease (CKD) and one of its initiating events, reduced serum levels of 1, 25 …

Background: Serum albumin (S-Alb), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)
predict malnutrition, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality in patients …

Urinary exosomes containing apical membrane and intracellular fluid are normally secreted
into the urine from all nephron segments, and may carry protein markers of renal dysfunction …

Background—Fetuin-A is a multifunctional hepatic secretory protein that inhibits the action of
insulin in experimental animals. We evaluated the association between human serum fetuin …

Mortality is markedly elevated in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Between 30 and 50% of
prevalent patients have elevated serum levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive …

Vascular calcification is often encountered in advanced atherosclerotic lesions and is a
common consequence of aging. Calcification of the coronary arteries has been positively …

Valvular calcification is common in the setting of end-stage kidney disease and is associated
with increased risks for cardiovascular disease events. It is unknown whether the prevalence …

The predisposition to vascular calcifications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
has gained great interest in recent years as many studies have described its likely impact on …

Expression of bone proteins resulting from transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle
cells into osteoblasts suggests that vascular calcifications are a bioactive process …