Over the past 200 years emissions of toxic heavy metals have risen tremendously and
significantly exceed those from natural sources for practically all metals. Uptake and …

Proper metal transport and homeostasis are critical for the growth and development of
plants. In order to potentially fortify plants pre-harvest with essential metals in aid of human …

The micronutrient zinc has an essential role in physiological and metabolic processes in
plants as a cofactor or structural element in 300 catalytic and noncatalytic proteins, but it is …

Compared to other organisms, plants have expanded families of transporters that are
involved in the uptake and efflux of metals. Fortunately, in many cases, the examination of …

Here, we describe two members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Yellow Stripe-
Like (YSL) family, AtYSL1 and AtYSL3. The YSL1 and YSL3 proteins are members of the …

The metal hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri exhibits naturally selected zinc (Zn) and
cadmium (Cd) hypertolerance and accumulates extraordinarily high Zn concentrations in its …

Zinc ions are required to maintain the biological activity of numerous proteins. However,
when mislocalized or accumulated in excess, Zn2+ ions are toxic because of adventitious …

Zinc is a common element in human and natural environments and plays an important part
in many biological processes. Zinc, which is defined as an “essential trace element,” or a …

Phytoremediation is a group of technologies that use plants to reduce, remove, degrade, or
immobilize environmental toxins, primarily those of anthropogenic origin, with the aim of …

Root system formation proceeds in close coordination with shoot growth. Accordingly, root
growth and its functions are regulated tightly by the shoot through materials cycling between …