Understanding of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, has expanded
considerably in recent years. New insights have been provided by not only animal models …

In multiple sclerosis (MS), the presence of demyelinating plaques has concentrated
researchersÕ minds on the role of the oligodendrocyte in its pathophysiology. Recently, with …

Background & Aims: A randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of
natalizumab induction therapy in patients with Crohn's disease. Methods: Patients (N= 509) …

FTY720 [2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl] propane-1, 3-diol hydrochloride] is an oral
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator under development for the treatment of …

Background: In a 2-year, placebo-controlled trial (the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis [AFFIRM] study), involving 942 patients with …

Objective: To determine the incidence and clinical effects of antibodies that develop during
treatment with natalizumab. Methods: In two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled …

Understanding the mechanisms of leukocyte trafficking into the brain might provide insights
into how to modulate pathologic immune responses or enhance host protective mechanisms …

A 30-year-old woman with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis presents for consideration
of treatment with natalizumab after several first-line treatments have failed. Natalizumab has …

Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system that is associated with leukocyte
recruitment and subsequent inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss. Endothelial …

In 1992, it was shown that monoclonal antibodies blocking α4-integrins prevent the
development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model for multiple …