AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric enzyme that is expressed in most
mammalian tissues including cardiac muscle. Among the multiple biological processes …

A prolonged period of ischaemia followed by reperfusion irreversibly damages the heart.
Such reperfusion injury (RI) involves opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition …

Autophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation process for proteins and organelles. In the
heart, autophagy is stimulated by myocardial ischemia. However, the causative role of …

Obesity is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and
cardiovascular disease. Levels of the hormone adiponectin are downregulated in obese …

Nitric oxide (NO) has been known for many years to bind to cytochrome C oxidase, the
terminal acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, in competition with oxygen …

The endothelial isoform of nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS), a key determinant of vascular
homeostasis, is a calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein regulated by diverse cell …

Background—Overeating and obesity are major health problems in developed countries.
Caloric restriction (CR) can counteract the deleterious aspects of obesity-related diseases …

We have recently shown that autophagy is induced by ischemia and reperfusion in the
mouse heart in vivo. Ischemia stimulates autophagy through an AMP activated protein …

In the light of recent studies in humans and rodents, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a
phylogenetically conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, has been described as an …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensing/signaling protein that, when
activated, increases ATP production by stimulating glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation …