Pain is the primary reason that people seek medical care. At present, chronic unremitting
pain is the third greatest health problem after heart disease and cancer. Chronic pain is an …

Sensory and emotional systems normally interact in a manner that optimizes an organism's
ability to survive using conscious and unconscious processing. Pain and analgesia are …

The present edition of The Human Central Nervous System differs considerably from its
predecessors. In previous editions, the text was essentially confined to a section dealing …

The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), and its descending projections to the rostral
ventromedial medulla (RVM), provide an essential neural circuit for opioid-produced …

The superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord (SDH; laminae I and II) receives strong input
from thin primary afferent fibres and is involved in nociception, pain, temperature sensing …

Damage to a nerve should only lead to sensory loss. While this is common, the incidence of
spontaneous pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia indicate marked changes in the nervous …

The study of pain in infants, from the underlying neurobiological mechanisms to effective,
successful management in the clinic has grown over the last two decades into an extremely …

Some of the most dramatic expressions of cultural diversity and distinction are found in the
meanings of pain and suffering. Indeed, there is a long history of exoticism and cultural …

Electroacupuncture (EA) delivered to the acupoint (AP) called Zusanli (ST36) was
administered on the bilateral hindlimb. This experiment resulted in strong expression of c …

The mechanism of the antinociceptive action of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is not fully understood.
It was reported that N 2 O induces opioid peptide release in the rat midbrain, which can …