Over the millennia, microorganisms have evolved evasion strategies to overcome a myriad
of chemical and environmental challenges, including antimicrobial drugs. Even before the …

Despite the critical role of plasmids in horizontal gene transfer, few studies have
characterized plasmid relatedness among different bacterial populations. Recently, a …

Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A cause systemic infections in humans
which are referred to as enteric fever. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) serovar Typhi isolates …

Resistances to tetracycline and mercury were identified in an environmental strain of
Serratia marcescens isolated from a stream highly contaminated with heavy metals. As a …

Salmonella enterica bla CTX-M-2 and bla CTX-M-9 plasmid backbones from isolates from
Belgium and France were analyzed. The bla CTX-M-2-plasmids from both human and …

Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates carrying the bla CTX-M-9 gene located on
plasmids prevailed at the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain in the …

ABSTRACT A 269-kilobase conjugative plasmid, pK29, from a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain
was sequenced. The plasmid harbors multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including …

One of the transition metals without a function in biological systems is silver. Silver interferes
with the normal protein function of the organism and is extremely toxic because of its ability …

Bacterial conjugation is a DNA transfer event that requires three plasmid-encoded multi-
protein complexes: the membrane-spanning mating pair formation (Mpf) complex, the …

A recent report described the sequence of a conjugative IncHI2 plasmid, pAPEC-O1-R, from
an avian pathogenic extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolate (2). pAPEC-O1-R shares a large …