Opium, the dried juice of the seedpod of the opium poppy, has been used for the relief of
pain and suffering for several thousand years. Many opioid drugs are still derived from …

Opioids are used for acute and chronic pain and dependency. They have a narrow
therapeutic index and large interpatient variability in response. Genetic factors regulating …

This groundbreaking volume synthesizes the results of the Virginia Adult Twin Study of
Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders, which yielded longitudinal data on more than …

Context Clinical trials have suggested a modest effect of naltrexone as a pharmacotherapy
for alcoholism, and a recent study has suggested that the effects may be moderated by …

The most common single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region of the human mu
opioid receptor gene is the A118G variant, an adenine to guanine transition at nucleotide …

Background: Pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence (AD) is at an early stage of
development; currently available medications have limited efficacy. It would be clinically …

Background: The μ‐opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) codes for the μ‐opioid receptor, which
binds β‐endorphin. The A118G polymorphism in this gene affects β‐endorphin binding such …

Endocannabinoid signaling has recently been implicated in ethanol-seeking behavior. We
analyzed the expression of endocannabinoid-related genes in key brain regions of reward …

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the interactive effects of family
history of alcoholism (FH+, FH−) and naltrexone dose (0, 50, 100 mg/day) on alcohol …

The opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (NTX) is one of few approved treatments for
alcoholism, yet the mechanism by which it reduces drinking remains unclear. In rats, NTX …