The brain is the key organ of the response to stress because it determines what is
threatening and, therefore, potentially stressful, as well as the physiological and behavioral …

Serotonin1A-receptors (5-HT1A-Rs) are important components of the 5-HT system in the
brain. As somatodendritic autoreceptors they control the activity of 5-HT neurons, and, as …

BACKGROUND: Although pathological gambling (PG) is relatively common,
pharmacotherapy research for PG is limited. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an amino acid, seems …

Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder which impacts a broad range of cognitive,
behavioural and emotional domains. In animals, exposure to an intermittent, escalating dose …

Natural behaviors such as eating, drinking, reproduction and exercise activate brain reward
pathways and consequently the individual engages in these behaviors to receive the …

Persistent drug seeking/taking behavior involves the consolidation of memory. With each
drug use, the memory may be reactivated and reconsolidated to maintain the original …

Alcohol is known to affect glutamate transmission. However, how chronic alcohol affects the
synaptic structure mediating glutamate transmission is unknown. Repeated alcohol …

Reinstatement of previously extinguished instrumental responding for drug-related cues has
been used as an animal model for relapse of drug abuse, and is disrupted by inactivation of …

We have studied the morphological changes of the dendrites of the pyramidal neurons of the
prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the medium spiny neurons of the caudate‐putamen (CPu) and …

The growth and elaboration of neural processes underpins the establishment of neural
architecture during development and is a key facet of neural plasticity throughout life. Sholl …