Research on the regulation and function of ascending noradrenergic, dopaminergic,
serotonergic, and cholinergic systems has focused on the organization and function of …

The prefrontal cortex is necessary for directing thought and planning action. Working
memory, the active, transient maintenance of information in mind for subsequent monitoring …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been associated with diverse functions including
attentional processes, visceromotor activity, decision making, goal directed behavior, and …

Acute administration of the psychotomimetic phencyclidine (PCP) can mimic some features
of schizophrenia, while a repeated treatment regimen of PCP may provide a more effective …

Increased inflammatory activity accompanies normal brain aging. Whereas local glial cell
activation, upregulation of cytokines and transcriptional alterations of inflammatory factors …

There is a general view that early brain damage leads to a far better outcome than damage
later in life. Although there is a grain of truth to this idea, the reality is far more complex. We …

Recent studies suggest that, in female monkeys and rats, estrogens elicit dendritic spine
synapse formation in the prefrontal cortex, an area that, similar to the hippocampus, plays a …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a cortical area involved in selecting and retaining information
to produce complex behaviors. Within the PFC, the dopaminergic system plays an important …

Addiction is characterized by compulsive drug use despite adverse consequences. The
precise psychobiological changes that underlie the progression from casual use to loss of …

We have studied the role of rostral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) on reflexively evoked
blinks and on classically conditioned eyelid responses in alert-behaving rabbits. The rostral …