Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), expressed on cells of both the innate and adaptive
immune systems, serve as sentinels, waiting to alert the host to the first signs of microbial …

Autoantigens that contain DNA, RNA, or self-IgG are preferred targets for autoantibodies in
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). B cells promote SLE pathogenesis by producing …

A dominant type of spontaneous autoreactive B cell activation in murine lupus is the
extrafollicular generation of plasmablasts. The factors governing such activation have been …

We have previously shown that rheumatoid factors produced by Fas-deficient autoimmune-
prone mice typically bind autologous IgG2a with remarkably low affinity. Nevertheless, B …

Activation of the innate immune system promotes polyclonal antibody secretion to eliminate
invading pathogens. Inherent in this process is the potential to activate autoreactive B cells …

Introduction 3 How do B cells become autoreactive? 4. Antibody-dependent induction of
arthritis 4.1. Autoantibody is directly pathogenic for autoantigen 4.2. Immune-complexes …

In order to understand how the natural occurrence of autoreactive B cells is controlled in
normal individuals, and how self reactive B cells can escape this control during diverse …

Abstract Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a polygenic disease influenced by
abnormalities in genes, environmental factors and the immune system. One of the critical …

During infection, immune cells respond to polyclonal activators, like bacterial and viral
antigens, through innate immune responses. Therefore, mechanisms to regulate the …