Because of the large preexisting antigenic load and immunosuppressive environment within
a tumor, inducing therapeutically useful antitumor immunity in cancer patients requires the …

Negative co-stimulatory signaling mediated via cell surface programmed death (PD)-1
expression modulates T and B cell activation and is involved in maintaining peripheral …

We examined the activity of human T cells engineered to express variants of a single TCR
(1G4) specific for the cancer/testis Ag NY-ESO-1, generated by bacteriophage display with a …

Optimally, T cells destroy infected and transformed cells of the host. To be effective the T cell
repertoire must have a sufficiently diverse number of T cell receptors (TCRs) to recognize …

Background Dengue is one of the most important human diseases transmitted by an
arthropod vector and the incidence of dengue virus infection has been increasing–over half …

Background Melanoma tumors are known to express antigens that usually induce weak
immune responses of short duration. Expression of both tumor-associated antigens p53 and …

Adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T lymphocytes is an effective form of immunotherapy for
persistent virus infections and cancer. A major limitation of adoptive therapy is the inability to …

Although the immune system possesses the means to respond to cancer, it often fails to
control the spread of malignancy. Nonetheless, equipping endogenous immunity to release …

The therapeutic efficacy of adoptively transferred cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been
demonstrated in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia …

The property of functional avidity is recognized to be of critical importance in determining
pathogen clearance. An unresolved question with regard to this property is whether distinct …