Intrauterine programming is the process by which the structure and function of tissues are
altered permanently by insults acting during early development. In mammals, the placenta …

BACKGROUND Heparan sulphates play key roles in conception and early pregnancy
events. The role of heparin, a structural analogue, and its application to assisted conception …

BACKGROUND Despite extensive studies of the developmental consequences of increased
glucocorticoid exposure in mid-to late pregnancy, relatively little is known regarding the …

Fetal programming encompasses the role of developmental plasticity in response to
environmental and nutritional signals during early life and its potential adverse …

A substantial portion of children born small for gestational age (SGA) fail to catch up height,
despite normal or even elevated insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) serum levels. In most …

Cloning of cattle, sheep, and mice by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) can result in
apparently healthy offspring, but the probability of a successful and complete pregnancy is …

IGF-I action is essential for the regulation of tissue formation and remodeling, bone growth,
prenatal growth, brain development, and muscle metabolism. Cellular effects of IGF-I are …

IGF-II, a potent stimulator of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and development, regulates
uterine function and conceptus growth in several species. In situ hybridization analyses …

Pregnancy is accompanied by notable changes in the secretion of growth hormone (GH)
and the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). A GH variant produced by the placenta is …

The growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor-I (GH–IGF-I) axis plays a key role in intra-
uterine growth and development. This review will describe the consequences of genetic …