The interferon (IFN) system is an extremely powerful antiviral response that is capable of
controlling most, if not all, virus infections in the absence of adaptive immunity. However …

The non-structural (NS1) protein of influenza A viruses is a non-essential virulence factor
that has multiple accessory functions during viral infection. In recent years, the major role …

Influenza is a zoonotic viral disease that represents a health and economic threat to both
humans and animals worldwide. Swine influenza (SI) was first recognized clinically in pigs …

Influenza A virus (IAV) strains are denoted by the subtype of their hemagglutinin (HA) and
neuraminidase (NA) virion surface proteins. Major changes in HA subtype among strains …

In 2001 and 2003, we isolated two H5N1 viruses, A/swine/Fujian/1/01 (SW/FJ/01) and
A/swine/Fujian/1/03 (SW/FJ/03), from pigs in Fujian Province, southern China. Genetically …

Influenza viruses are able to infect humans, swine, and avian species, and swine have long
been considered a potential source of new influenza viruses that can infect humans. Swine …

Two US swine influenza virus (SIV) isolates, A/Swine/Iowa/15/1930 H1N1 (IA30) and
A/Swine/Minnesota/00194/2003 H1N2 (MN03), were evaluated in an in vivo vaccination and …

Type B influenza viruses can cause substantial morbidity and mortality in the population,
and vaccination remains by far the best means of protection against infections with these …

Although it is well accepted that the present Asian H5N1 panzootic is predominantly an
animal health problem, the human health implications and the risk of human pandemic have …

RNA silencing or RNAi interference (RNAi) serves as an innate antiviral mechanism in
plants, fungi and animals. Human viruses, like plant viruses, encode suppressor proteins or …