The summer extent of the Arctic sea ice cover, widely recognized as an indicator of climate
change, has been declining for the past few decades reaching a record minimum in …

Naval submarines have collected operational data of sea‐ice draft (93% of thickness) in the
Arctic Ocean since 1958. Data from 34 US cruises are publicly archived. They span the …

At a time when the polar regions are undergoing rapid and unprecedented change,
understanding exchanges of momentum, heat and salt at the ice-ocean interface is critical …

Snow and ice thermodynamics over the Arctic Ocean were simulated applying a one‐
dimensional model. A number of numerical experiments in synoptic (10 days in early …

We present a mathematical model describing evolution of false bottoms often met between
an under-ice melt pond and the underlying ocean during summer. The model treats a false …

Spring–summer (November, December, January) ice sheet and sea ice regional surface
albedo, surface temperature, sea ice concentration and sea ice extent averages and trends …

Helicopter-borne and ground-based electromagnetic (EM) ice thickness and ruler-stick snow
thickness measurements as well as ice-core analyses of ice temperature, salinity and texture …

Melt water concentrated in puddles at the ice surface penetrates through cracks beneath the
lower ice boundary and forms underwater thaw lakes. In this process, the salinity of …

The first‐ever observed horizontal profiles of summertime ice‐ocean boundary layer fluxes
were obtained using vertical water velocity, temperature, and salinity collected by an …

Здесь LV–скрытая теплота кристаллизации, D–коэффициент диффузии, ki и kw–
коэффициенты теплопроводности льда и воды. Специально ота метим, что условие (5) …