Abstract Type A GABA receptors (GABAARs) are well established as the main inhibitory
receptors in the mature mammalian forebrain. In recent years, evidence has accumulated …

Chloride (Cl) is the most abundant physiological anion. Abnormalities in Cl regulation are
instrumental in the development of several important diseases including motor disorders …

Early in development, the depolarizing GABAAergic signaling is needed for normal neuronal
differentiation. It is shown here that hyperpolarizing reversal potentials of GABAAergic …

Here we survey a molecular genetic approach for imaging synaptic inhibition. This approach
is based on measuring intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl−] i) with the fluorescent …

Vigabatrin was a major drug in the treatment of epilepsy until the discovery that it was
associated with an irreversible constriction of the visual field. Nevertheless, the drug is still …

The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC) is a Cl− uptake transporter that is responsible for
maintaining a Cl− equilibrium potential positive to the resting potential in neurons. If NKCC …

Extracellular ATP acts as a neurotransmitter in the retina, via the activation of ionotropic P2X
receptors and metabotropic P2Y receptors. The expression of various P2X and P2Y receptor …

Genetically encoded probes have become powerful tools for non-invasive monitoring of
ions, distributions of proteins and the migration and formation of cellular components. We …

GABA-mediated interactions between horizontal cells (HCs) and bipolar cells (BCs)
transform signals within the image-processing circuitry of distal retina. To further understand …

Glycinergic synapses in photoreceptors are made by centrifugal feedback neurons in the
network, but the function of the synapses is largely unknown. Here we report that glycinergic …