In this monograph, we ask whether various kinds of intellectual, physical, and social
activities produce cognitive enrichment effects—that is, whether they improve cognitive …

Childhood trauma is a potent risk factor for developing depression in adulthood, particularly
in response to additional stress. We here summarize results from a series of clinical studies …

Maternal licking and grooming (LG) in infancy influences stress responsiveness and
cognitive performance in the offspring. We examined the effects of variation in the frequency …

The hippocampus, a limbic structure important in learning and memory, is particularly
sensitive to chronic stress and to glucocorticoids. While glucocorticoids are essential for an …

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety disorders have been linked to dysfunction of the
hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and structural changes within the hippocampus …

BACKGROUND: Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) has been a common, but poorly
understood condition, frequently occurring in older persons. METHODS: The past and the …

At the present time, there is increasing recognition and understanding of the mild cognitive
impairment (MCI) entity as a stage which is a frequent precursor and harbinger of …

A dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) has been implicated in major
depressive disorder and most commonly used animal models of depression have been …

Among psychiatric disorders, depression and generalized anxiety are probably the most
common stress-related illnesses. These diseases are underlain, at least partly, by …

Background: As patients with mood disorders manifest heterogeneity in phenomenology,
pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment response, a biological classification of mental …