The spinal cord is the first relay site in the transmission of nociceptive information from the
periphery to the brain. Sensory signals are transmitted from the periphery by primary afferent …

Observations from different brain areas have established that the adult nervous system can
undergo significant experience-related structural changes throughout life. Less familiar is …

Central sensitization, increased sensitivity in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons after injuries,
plays an essential role in the induction and maintenance of chronic pain. However, synaptic …

Abstract Treatment of neuropathic pain, triggered by multiple insults to the nervous system,
is a clinical challenge because the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain …

Microglia in the spinal cord may play an important role in the development and maintenance
of neuropathic pain. A metabotropic ATP receptor, P2Y12, has been shown to be expressed …

Chronic pain, a pathological state, affects millions of people worldwide. Despite decades of
study on the neuronal processing of pain, mechanisms underlying the creation and …

Neuropathic pain remains a prevalent clinical problem because it is often poorly responsive
to the currently used analgesics, thus it is crucial the identification of new potential targets …

We have previously demonstrated that activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
(p38 MAPK) in the spinal microglia mediates morphine antinociceptive tolerance …

The treatment of acute and chronic pain is still deficient. The modulation of glial cells may
provide novel targets to treat pain. We hypothesize that astrocytes and microglia participate …

Glial activation is a typical response of the central nervous system to nerve injury. In the
current investigation, we characterized the temporal and spatial pattern of glial proliferation …