BACKGROUND The complexity of fertilization failure during assisted reproductive
technologies (ART) is often under-appreciated, as this failure can occur at any number of …

Twin birth rates have increased markedly in developed countries since the 1970s for two
primary reasons: increasing maternal age and the advent and increasing use of fertility …

Acrosome reaction is crucial to the penetration of spermatozoa through the zona pellucida
(ZP). Glycosylation of ZP glycoproteins is important in spermatozoa-ZP interaction. Human …

To delineate the functional aspects of zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins during fertilization in
human, in the present study, fluorochrome‐conjugated Escherichia coli (E. coli)‐and …

BACKGROUND Fertilization starts with the binding of the spermatozoa to the zona pellucida
(ZP) of the oocyte. Such binding is a carbohydrate-mediated event and consists of a series …

Introduction 3. Ultrastructure of the ZP in oocytes at ovulation 3.1. Conventional electron
microscopy 3.2. High Resolution SEM and TEM with Sap-RR-Os-Tc 4. Ultrastructure of …

Recent studies document that the zona pellucida matrix of human oocytes is composed of
four glycoproteins designated as ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4 instead of three as proposed in …

Since the first description of the double fertilization process in flowering plants
(angiosperms) 110 years ago (Nawaschin in Bull Acad Imp Sci St Petersburg 9: 377–382 …

Sperm-associated proteasomes have been suggested to play an important role during
fertilization in animals. To delineate the role of these proteasomes during fertilization in …

The zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins play an important role in oocyte development and
gamete biology. To analyze their expression in follicles during various developmental …