The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+]) has important roles in the triggering of
neurotransmitter release and the regulation of short-term plasticity (STP). Transmitter …

Vitamin D insufficiency is common in the United States; the elderly and African‐Americans
are at particularly high risk of deficiency. This review, written for a broad scientific …

The core of the neurotransmitter release machinery is formed by SNARE complexes, which
bring the vesicle and plasma membranes together and are key for fusion, and by Munc18-1 …

Abstract Development of biologically relevant crowding solutions necessitates improved
understanding of how the relative size and density of mobile obstacles affect probe diffusion …

Several mechanisms can underlie short-term synaptic depression, including vesicle
depletion, receptor desensitization, and changes in presynaptic release probability. To …

G-proteins (guanine nucleotide-binding proteins) are membrane-attached proteins
composed of three subunits, α, β, and γ. They transduce signals from G-protein coupled …

Ca2+ regulates multiple processes in nerve terminals, including synaptic vesicle
recruitment, priming, and fusion. Munc13s, the mammalian homologs of Caenorhabditis …

Complex functions of the central nervous system such as learning and memory are believed
to result from the modulation of the synaptic transmission between neurons. The sequence …

Calmodulin (CaM) is the primary Ca2+-sensor that regulates a wide variety of cellular
processes in eukaryotes. Although many Ca2+/CaM-binding proteins have been identified …

Vesicular neurotransmitter release is mediated by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles at the
presynaptic active zone of nerve terminals. The Ca2+-triggered release process is extremely …