Memory B cells are more heterogeneous than previously thought. Given that B cells play
powerful antibody-independent effector functions, it seems reasonable to assume division of …

Humoral memory to an antigen (Ag) is maintained for several decades in the form of memory
B cells and serum Ab. In fact, plasma cells (PCs) that secrete Ab are known to be long-lived …

We have used an inhibiting antibody to determine whether preimmune versus antigen-
experienced B cells differ in their requisites for BLyS, a cytokine that controls differentiation …

Memory B cells play essential roles in the maintenance of long-term immunity and may be
important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, but how these cells are distinguished …

Memory B cells can persist for a lifetime and be reactivated to yield high affinity, isotype
switched plasma cells. The generation of memory B cells by Ag immunization requires …

Systemic autoimmunity such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with the
loss of B‐cell tolerance, B‐cell dysregulation and autoantibody production. While some …

Autoreactive B cells are regulated in the BM during development through mechanisms,
including editing of the B cell receptor (BCR), clonal deletion, and anergy. Peripheral B cell …

Because pathogens induce infectious symptoms in a time-dependent manner, a rapid
immune response is beneficial for defending hosts from pathogens, especially those …

Understanding the homeostatic mechanisms governing lymphocyte pools achieves critical
importance as lymphocyte-targeted therapies expand in use and scope. The primacy of B …

The adaptive immune response to pathogenic infection or immunization can provide the
host with lifelong protection from repeat encounters, a phenomenon known as …