This article analyzes the effortful control of automatic processing related to social and
emotional behavior, including control over evolved modules designed to solve problems of …

There is a long-standing debate about whether rats have what could be considered a
prefrontal cortex (PFC) and, if they do, what its primate homologue is. Anatomical evidence …

Many neuropsychiatric diseases are associated with cognitive rigidity linked to prefrontal
dysfunction. For example, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease are associated with …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological condition characterized by a
progressive decline in cognitive performance accompanied by behavioral and psychological …

It is widely believed that synaptic plasticity may provide the neural mechanism that underlies
certain kinds of learning and memory in the mammalian brain. The expression of long-term …

Accumulating evidence indicate that structural synaptic plasticity in limbic areas plays a vital
role not only in normal brain functions, such as cognition and mood, but also in the …

Working memory in rats involves neural projections from the hippocampus (HP) to the
prefrontal cortex (PFC), based on delayed task experiments in a radial‐arm maze, in which …

Rearing rats in isolation has been shown to produce behavioral and neurochemical
alterations similar to those observed in psychoses such as schizophrenia. Also, a …

Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) neurons encode rewards and the cues that predict them,
providing a neural substrate for outcome expectancy, an important component of goal …

Pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) exhibit dopamine-dependent
prolonged depolarization, which may lead to persistent activity. Persistent activation of …