Propensity‐score methods are increasingly being used to reduce the impact of treatment‐
selection bias in the estimation of treatment effects using observational data. Commonly …

Background—Propensity-score matching is frequently used in the cardiology literature.
Recent systematic reviews have found that this method is, in general, poorly implemented in …

The propensity score is defined to be a subject's probability of treatment selection,
conditional on observed baseline covariates. Conditional on the propensity score, treated …

OBJECTIVES: The propensity score is the probability of treatment conditional on observed
variables. Conditioning on the propensity-score results in unbiased estimation of the …

Research using propensity-score matching has been in the literature for over two decades
now. During this time, in a process akin to the way a message gets distorted and passed on …

Background In medical research both propensity score methods and logistic regression
analysis are used to estimate treatment effects in observational studies. From literature …

Background and Purpose—Statins reduce the risk of stroke in at-risk populations and may
improve outcomes in patients taking statins before an ischemic stroke (IS). Our objectives …

Study Design. In a prospective cohort study 532 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and
subluxations of the cervical spine were consecutively collected during 1974–1999 …

Odds ratios are frequently used to describe the relationship between a binary treatment or
exposure and a binary outcome. An odds ratio can be interpreted as a causal effect or a …

Although randomized controlled trials are regarded as the gold standard for comparison of
treatments, evidence from observational studies is still relevant. To cope with the problem of …