Glutamate's role as a neurotransmitter at synapses has been known for 40 years, but
glutamate has since been shown to regulate neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth …

The penumbra is an area of brain tissue that is damaged but not yet dead after focal
ischemia. The existence of a penumbra implies that therapeutic salvage is theoretically …

Background. Motor recovery after stroke is predicted only moderately by clinical variables,
implying that there is still a substantial amount of unexplained, biologically meaningful …

TWEAK is a multifunctional cytokine that controls many cellular activities including
proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and inflammation. TWEAK …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription
factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. The 3 PPAR isoforms (alpha, delta/beta …

In ischemic stroke, the necrotic core is surrounded by a zone of inflammation, in which
delayed cell death aggravates the initial insult. Here, we provide evidence that the receptor …

It has been reported that ischemic insult increases the formation of autophagosomes and
activates autophagy. However, the role of autophagy in ischemic neuronal damage remains …

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of morbidity and death in both industrialized and
developing countries. To date, there is no targeted pharmacological treatment that effectively …

Objective: To describe the role of adhesion molecules in ischemic stroke. Methods: A
PubMed search of literature pertaining to this study was conducted in April 2008 using …

After an ischemic stroke, neurons in the core are rapidly committed to die, whereas neuron
death in the slowly developing penumbra is more amenable to therapeutic intervention …