The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is crucial for changing established behaviour in the face of
unexpected outcomes. This function has been attributed to the role of the OFC in response …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) mediates a range of higher order 'executive functions' that
subserve the selection and processing of information in such a way that behavior can be …

Impairments in different forms of behavioral flexibility, such as set-shifting and reversal
learning, are some of the most reliable cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia, and …

Psychopathy is a developmental disorder marked by emotional hypo-responsiveness and
an increased risk for antisocial behavior. Influential attention-based accounts of psychopathy …

Different forms of behavioral flexibility are facilitated by interactions between separate
regions of the prefrontal cortex and their striatal outputs. However, the contribution of ventral …

Rationale Chronic stress perturbs modulatory brain neurotransmitter systems, including
serotonin (5-HT), and is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders such as depression. Deficits in …

Cognitive changes in addicts and animals exposed to addictive drugs have been
extensively investigated over the past decades. One advantage of studying addiction using …

Successful foragers respond flexibly to environmental stimuli. Behavioral flexibility depends
on a number of brain areas that send convergent projections to the medial striatum, such as …

Daily living often requires individuals to flexibly respond to new circumstances. There is
considerable evidence that the striatum is part of a larger neural network that supports …

Rationale Poor cognitive control, including reversal learning deficits, has been reported in
children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, in stimulant-dependent humans, and in …