This year marks the 25th anniversary of the first Annual Review of Immunology article to
describe features of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). In celebration of this anniversary, we …

T‐cell activation is mediated by antigen‐specific signals from the TCRζ/CD3 and CD4–CD8–
p56lck complexes in combination with additional co‐signals provided by coreceptors such …

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a critical negative regulator of
immune responses. Uniquely among known inhibitory receptors, its genetic ablation results …

CD4+ T cells are commonly divided into regulatory T (Treg) cells and conventional T helper
(Th) cells. Th cells control adaptive immunity against pathogens and cancer by activating …

Over the past decade, immune therapy has become a standard treatment for a variety of
cancers. Monoclonal antibodies, immune adjuvants, and vaccines against oncogenic …

Genetic information flows from DNA to macromolecular structures—the dominant force in the
molecular organization of life. However, recent work suggests that metabolite availability to …

The immune system has the remarkable ability to defend against a diversity of microbial
pathogens, yet not respond to self. The discovery of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) …

Viral persistence is associated with hierarchical antiviral CD8 T cell exhaustion with
increased programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression. In HCV persistence, HCV-specific CD8 T …

Despite the expression of antigens by tumor cells, spontaneous immune‐mediated rejection
of cancer seems to be a rare event. T‐cell receptor engagement by peptide/major …

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) plays a critical role in negatively regulating T cell
responses and has also been implicated in the development and function of natural FOXP3+ …