The development of effective malaria vaccines may be hindered by extensive genetic
diversity in the surface proteins being employed as vaccine antigens. Understanding of the …

The ongoing coevolutionary struggle between hosts and pathogens, with hosts evolving to
escape pathogen infection and pathogens evolving to escape host defences, can generate …

In studies of immunity to malaria, the absence of febrile malaria is commonly considered
evidence of “protection.” However, apparent “protection” may be due to a lack of exposure to …

Apicomplexan parasites include many parasites of importance either for livestock or as
causative agents of human diseases. The importance of these parasites has been …

Background Endemic human pathogens are subject to strong immune selection, and
interrogation of pathogen genome variation for signatures of balancing selection can identify …

Antibodies have long been shown to play a critical role in naturally acquired immunity to
malaria, but it has been suggested that Plasmodium-specific antibodies in humans may not …

A major characteristic of human malaria parasites is their genetic diversity and an increasing
number of studies have been reported on the epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum …

We investigated whether anti–merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1) block 2 antibodies
mediate the monocyte-dependent antibody-mediated cellular inhibition (ADCI) of …

Outcrossing potential between Plasmodium parasites is defined by the population-level
diversity (PLD) and complexity of infection (COI). There have been few studies of PLD and …

Background Genetic evidence for diversifying selection identified the Merozoite Surface
Protein1 block2 (PfMSP1 block2) as a putative target of protective immunity against …