Under the dispersal/foraging efficiency model, colobines are predicted to be'indifferent
mothers', neither facilitating philopatry for their daughters nor evicting them from the natal …

We examined demographic and behavioural influences on the dispersal decisions of 31
male mountain gorillas living in mixed-sex groups. Approximately half (45%) of silverback …

Parallel dispersal occurs when individuals emigrate together with peers or close kin, or
immigrate into groups containing familiar or closely related individuals. To understand the …

Cardinal scores of individual competitive ability allow us to quantify the magnitude of the
difference between the competitive ability of any two individuals. However, they have rarely …

Living organisms are flexible; they can respond to changing conditions through a variety of
morphological, physiological, and behavioral mechanisms. The processes that organisms …

As an order, primates are distinguished by several features of their life histories from other
mammals. These include late achievement of sexual maturity, low female reproductive rates …

The mating system of a given species is shaped by the reproductive strategies of males and
females (Clutton-Brock 1989b), which in turn, reflect their respective potential rates of …

Intense within-group food competition is not thought to influence social organization for
folivorous primates. Thus, they are expected by the socioecological model to live in large …