The purinergic signalling system is one of the most ancient and arguably the most
widespread intercellular signalling system in living tissues. In this review we present a …

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key mediator of inflammation and contributes to pain
hypersensitivity by promoting sensory neurons hyperexcitability. PGE2 synthesis results …

Ischemic pain—examples include the chest pain of a heart attack and the leg pain of a 30 s
sprint—occurs when muscle gets too little oxygen for its metabolic need. Lactic acid cannot …

Recent studies show that P2X3 may play a role in neuropathic pain, including orofacial pain.
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic neuropathic pain condition affecting 0.6–12 …

Microglia, the primary resident immune cell population in the CNS, react to signals of injury
or infection and produce inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species …

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of P2X3, P2X2/3 and P2X7 receptors in the
development of TMJ hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan. We also investigated the …

Extracellular ATP facilitates pain transmission at peripheral and spinal sites via the P2X
receptors and the P2X3 subtype is an important candidate for this effect. Electroacupuncture …

Activation of peripheral P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors by endogenous ATP is essential to the
development of inflammatory hyperalgesia. We have previously demonstrated that this …

P2X5 is a member of the P2X family of ATP-gated nonselective cation channels, which exist
as trimeric assemblies. P2X5 is believed to trimerize with another member of this family …

Purines such as ATP act as extracellular messengers through specific purinergic receptors.
Three different classes of purinergic receptors have been identified and termed P1, P2X and …