The discovery of fingolimod (FTY720/Gilenya; Novartis), an orally active immunomodulatory
drug, has opened up new approaches to the treatment of multiple sclerosis, the most …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating inflammatory disorder of the central nervous
system (CNS), which involves autoimmune responses to myelin antigens. Studies in …

Fingolimod (FTY720) is a first-in-class orally bioavailable compound that has shown efficacy
in advanced clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). In vivo, fingolimod is …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, complex neurological disease. The precise aetiology of
MS is not yet known, although epidemiological data indicate that both genetic and …

Cell–cell adhesion mediated by ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 is critical for T cell activation and
leukocyte recruitment to the inflammation site and, therefore, plays an important role in …

Background: Vascular comorbidity adversely influences health outcomes in several chronic
conditions. Vascular comorbidities are common in multiple sclerosis (MS), but their impact …

The integrins are a large family of cell adhesion molecules that are essential for the
regulation of cell growth and function. The identification of key roles for integrins in a diverse …

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is still the most widely accepted animal
model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Different types of EAE have been developed in order to …

Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis has a variable prognosis and lacks a reliable
laboratory prognostic marker. Our aim in this study was to investigate the association …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system chronic inflammatory disease that is
characterized by an extensive and complex immune response. Scientific advances have …