3′, 5′-Cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial intracellular signaling molecule that
plays a crucial role in the regulation of bacterial motility, adhesion, cell-to-cell …

Majority of infectious microorganism make their gateway to the host through mucosal
surfaces, such as gastrointestinal tract, nasal and vaginal tract. Mucosal immune response …

Both topical ocular and topical intranasal immunizations have been reported to stimulate the
ocular mucosal immune system (OMIS) and the systemic immune system. Nasolacrimal …

Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae produce structurally related AB5-type heat-labile
enterotoxins, which are classified into two major types. The Type I subfamily includes …

Mucosal infections and associated diseases remain a major socio-economic burden to
society. Since parenteral immunizations fail to induce efficient protective immunity at …

Deep pulmonary delivery of an influenza ISCOMATRIX™ vaccine has previously been
shown to induce a combined mucosal and systemic antibody response. To explore whether …

The mucosal immune system appears to be a major target of the HIV infection. Therefore, a
strong pre-existing anti-HIV immune response in mucosal compartments might be able to …

The efficacy of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) as a mucosal adjuvant was examined. Mice
were immunized intranasally with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) P6 protein …

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an oral vaccine containing the 40‐kDa
outer membrane protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis (40K‐OMP) and synthetic …

We previously reported that intranasal administration of Cry1Ac protoxin alone or in
combination with amoebic lysates increases protection against Naegleria fowleri …