Maintenance of blood volume, vascular tone, and hemo-dynamic stability depends on a set
of elegant interactions between the heart and kidney. For some time, physicians have …

With a prevalence of 5 800 000 (2% of the entire populace) in 2009 and an estimated yearly
incidence of 550 000, the burden of heart failure (HF) in the United States is tremendous. 1 …

Acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS) are characterized by a gradual or rapid onset of new
or worsening signs and/or symptoms of heart failure (HF) requiring urgent therapy, usually …

This paper details the substance and recommendations arising from a meeting convened by
the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in August 2009, to assess the challenges and …

Cardiorenal syndromes are disorders of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or long-term
dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or long-term dysfunction of the other. The …

In acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS), dyspnea is one of the most common but least
understood presenting symptoms for hospitalization. For this reason, dyspnea relief is …

Objective. B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles
in adults with heart failure. BNP levels in children undergoing surgical repair of congenital …

Heart failure constitutes a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the United States,
and its incidence and prevalence continue to grow, increasing its burden on the healthcare …

In the US, there are over 1 million hospitalizations for heart failure annually (1–3). This
number appears to be increasing each year and equally affecting men and women …

In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in our understanding of heart failure.
Although heart failure was previously described as a condition in which the heart was …