Proteinuria is a major health-care problem that affects several hundred million people
worldwide. Proteinuria is a cardinal sign and a prognostic marker of kidney disease, and …

Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) is a pathological term to indicate glomerular
lesions associated with distinctive clinical features. In most cases, FSGS is primary in nature …

Injury and loss of podocytes are leading factors of glomerular disease and renal failure. The
postmitotic podocyte is the primary glomerular target for toxic, immune, metabolic, and …

Controversy exists as to whether minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) represent different diseases or are manifestations within the …

Injury to the podocytes is the initiating cause of many renal diseases, leading to proteinuria
with possible progression to end-stage renal disease. Podocytes are highly specialized …

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that plays a critical role in cell
motility. Movement and retraction of podocyte foot processes, which accompany podocyte …

Actin dynamics determines podocyte morphology during development and in response to
podocyte injury and might be necessary for maintaining normal podocyte morphology …

The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy continues to rise, highlighting the importance of
investigating and discovering novel treatment strategies. TRB3 is a kinase-like molecule that …

Cytokines are soluble mediators that are released from sites of local injury exposed to an
inflammatory environment. In kidney diseases, cytokines can be released by circulating …

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome comprises several podocyte diseases of unknown origin that
affect the glomerular podocyte, which controls the permeability of the filtration barrier in the …