Functional characterization of a protein is often facilitated by its 3D structure. However, the
fraction of experimentally known 3D models is currently less than 1% due to the inherently …

relationship between pure sequence information and 3D structure and/or function remains
one of the fundamental challenges in molecular biology. Function prediction is generally …

Proteins are essential molecules composed of a linear sequence of amino acids found in all
organisms and participating in many physiological processes. The three-dimensional …

In protein tertiary structure prediction, a crucial step is to select near-native structures from a
large number of predicted structural models. Over the years, extensive research has been …

With recent advances in large-scale sequencing technologies, we have seen an exponential
growth in protein sequence information. Currently, our ability to produce sequence …

The bacteria Clostridium botulinum causing botulism. Botulism also known as botulinus
intoxication is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by botulinum toxin, which is …

Two of the essential tasks in protein tertiary structure prediction are predicting quality and
selecting the best quality model from given model structures. Finding solutions to these …