The brain is the key organ of stress reactivity, coping, and recovery processes. Within the
brain, a distributed neural circuitry determines what is threatening and thus stressful to the …

Addictive drugs cause persistent restructuring of several neuronal cell types in the limbic
regions of brain thought to be responsible for long-term behavioral plasticity driving …

Cocaine-induced alterations in gene expression cause changes in neuronal morphology
and behavior that may underlie cocaine addiction. In mice, we identified an essential role for …

A dysregulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system in schizophrenia patients may lead to
aberrant attribution of incentive salience and contribute to the emergence of …

The adult brain is much more resilient and adaptable than previously believed, and adaptive
structural plasticity involves growth and shrinkage of dendritic trees, turnover of synapses …

The experience of peer play during the juvenile phase in rats is known to be important for
the development of adult social competence. Adult social competence is also compromised …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
(GDNF) are neurotrophic factors that are critical for the growth, survival, and differentiation of …

MeCP2 is a methyl DNA–binding transcriptional regulator that contributes to the
development and function of CNS synapses; however, the requirement for MeCP2 in …

Objective The role of the thalamus in the genesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) remains poorly understood. The authors used anatomical MRI to examine the …

Neonatal maternal separation (MS) in rats has widely been used as a neurodevelopmental
model to mimic mood-related disorders. MS produces a wide array of behavioral deficits that …