There is convincing evidence that the Parkinson disease neurodegenerative process begins
many years before the onset of motor manifestations. Initial estimates based on nigral …

Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are very common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may result in
significant disability. The increased focus on these important clinical features represents a …

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between depression and anxiety and Parkinson's
disease (PD). BACKGROUND: Many people with PD suffer from depression and anxiety …

The non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) are often poorly recognized
and inadequately treated in contrast to motor symptoms and a modern holistic approach to …

We studied the association of three personality traits related to neuroticism with the
subsequent risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) using a historical cohort study. We included …

This study used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice to determine
if exercise improves behavior and dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) content. Male …

We conducted a case‐control study to examine the association between depression and
Parkinson's disease (PD). Participants included 992 PD cases diagnosed after 2,000 and …

The traditional view of essential (ET) tremor is as a mono-symptomatic condition
characterized by action tremor. Over the past decade, researchers have learned that this …

This retrospective study examined whether psychiatric conditions are directly related to
epilepsy or, rather, are associated with underlying central nervous system (CNS) disorders …

Transcranial sonography, which displays tissue echogenicity of the brain through the intact
skull, reveals reduced echogenicity of the brainstem raphe (BR) as a characteristic finding in …