Humoral immunity following vaccination or infection is mainly derived from two types of cells:
memory B cells and plasma cells. Memory B cells do not actively secrete antibody but …

Vaccination provides a powerful means to control infections. It exploits and exemplifies the
ability of the immune system to preserve the information that a specific pathogen has been …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by
chronic, erosive polyarthritis and by the presence of various autoantibodies in serum and …

Objective Anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) exhibit unique specificity for
rheumatoid arthritis. However, it is incompletely understood whether and how ACPA …

The advent of therapies that specifically target the B‐lymphocyte lineage in human disease
has rejuvenated interest in the mechanistic biology by which B cells mediate autoimmunity …

Abstract Protective Th1 responses to Salmonella enterica do not develop in the absence of
B cells. Using chimeric mice, we dissect the early (innate) and late (cognate) contributions of …

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the
synovium of diarthrodial joints. Despite the currently unknown etiology, overwhelming …

The anti-CD20 antibody rituximab depletes human B cells from peripheral blood, but it
remains controversial to what extent tissue-resident B cells are affected. In representative …

The prognosis for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has improved
significantly, with 20-year survival now approximately 80% owing partly to effective …

Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that depletes B cells by binding to the CD20 cell-
surface antigen, has been investigated extensively in autoimmune disorders. Following the …