Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used
experimental model for the human inflammatory demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis …

The presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricts the movement of soluble mediators
and leukocytes from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS). Leukocyte entry into …

Background Teriflunomide is a new oral disease-modifying therapy for relapsing forms of
multiple sclerosis. Methods We concluded a randomized trial involving 1088 patients with …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system. Due to its high prevalence, MS is the leading cause of non-traumatic …

T lymphocytes are increasingly recognized as key modulators of detrimental inflammatory
cascades in acute ischaemic stroke, but the potential of T cell-targeted therapy in brain …

Fumarates improve multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis, two diseases in which both IL-12
and IL-23 promote pathogenic T helper (Th) cell differentiation. However, both diseases …

Objective: The impact of present disease‐modifying treatments (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis
(MS) on nerve injury and reactive astrogliosis is still unclear. Therefore, we studied the effect …

The integrin α4β1 (VLA-4) is used by encephalitogenic T cells to enter the central nervous
system (CNS). However, both Th1 and Th17 cells are capable of inducing experimental …

Natalizumab, a highly specific α4-integrin antagonist, is approved for treatment of patients
with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). It is generally recommended for …

Background: Due to a heightened risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
with increased natalizumab exposure, some physicians interrupt treatment of patients with …