Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an extremely common health problem, with an unpredictable
history. Members of enterobacteriaceae family such as Escherichia coli, which are normal …

The discovery and characterization of the TLR (Toll-like receptor) family has led to a better
understanding of the innate immune system. The strategy of innate immune recognition is …

Background Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning-induced neuroprotection is known to
be related to suppression of the inflammatory response in the ischemic area. This study …

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has long been suggested as a potent inducer of bone
loss in vivo despite controversial effects on osteoclast precursors. Recently, the role of the …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modulates innate immunity through alteration of cytokine
production by immune cells. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of …

Probucol, a lipid-lowering agent with anti-oxidant properties, has been implicated in
protection against atherogenesis, whereas its effect on plaques stability remains to be fully …

An elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine response is the primary cause of death by toxic shock
after exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Identifying an intracellular signal …

One of the most important functions of the skin is to provide protection from infectious
pathogens. This is achieved by two complex and complementary powerful strategies …

If not controlled properly, inflammatory response is often detrimental. However, in many
cases, it can be self-limited and subsides without inflicting tissue damage. In this study, we …

The roles of the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) in inflammatory arthritis have been
investigated; however, the roles of each isotype (ie, JNK1 and JNK2) in rheumatoid arthritis …