Background: Imaging techniques have been in widespread use in the scientific community
for more than 3 decades. They facilitate noninvasive, in vivo studies of the human brain in …

The human dopamine transporter (DAT) gene (SLC6A3) contains a 40‐bp variable number
of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism. A number of studies have investigated the …

Hard-wired, Pavlovian, responses elicited by predictions of rewards and punishments exert
significant benevolent and malevolent influences over instrumentally-appropriate actions …

Research integrating neuroimaging and molecular genetics has yielded important insights
into how variability in brain chemistry predicts individual differences in brain function …

It is well known that humans tend to associate with other humans who have similar
characteristics, but it is unclear whether this tendency has consequences for the distribution …

Rationale Accumulating evidence indicates that the cognitive effects of dopamine depend
on the subtype of dopamine receptor that is activated. In particular, recent work with animals …

Exposure therapy for anxiety disorders relies on the principle of confronting a patient with
the triggers of his fears, allowing him to make the unexpected safety experience that his …

The impact of individual differences on human reward processing has been a focus of
research in recent years, particularly, as they are associated with a variety of …

As a relatively large body of research has been published up to now, it may be informative to
explore whether the use of endophenotypes has produced consistent findings in attention …

Mounting evidence suggests that genetic risks for mental disorders often interact with the
social environment, but most studies still ignore environmental moderation of genetic …