Autophagy is an essential, homeostatic process by which cells break down their own
components. Perhaps the most primordial function of this lysosomal degradation pathway is …

Beclin 1, the mammalian orthologue of yeast Atg6, has a central role in autophagy, a
process of programmed cell survival, which is increased during periods of cell stress and …

Autophagy is a homeostatic, catabolic degradation process whereby cellular proteins and
organelles are engulfed by autophagosomes, digested in lysosomes, and recycled to …

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved, intracellular self-defense mechanism in which
organelles and proteins are sequestered into autophagic vesicles that are subsequently …

Autophagy controls the quality and quantity of the eukaryotic cytoplasm while performing two
evolutionarily highly conserved functions: cell‐autonomous provision of energy and …

Oxidative stress and associated reactive oxygen species can modify lipids, proteins,
carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, and induce the mitochondrial permeability transition …

Autophagy was viewed until very recently primarily as a metabolic and intracellular biomass
and organelle quality and quantity control pathway. It has now been recognized that …

The study of autophagy is rapidly expanding, and our knowledge of the molecular
mechanism and its connections to a wide range of physiological processes has increased …

Mitochondria are organelles centrally important for bioenergetics as well as regulation of
apoptotic death in eukaryotic cells. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an evolutionarily …

Autophagy, a tightly regulated lysosome-dependent catabolic pathway, is important in the
regulation of cancer development and progression and in determining the response of tumor …