Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to hazardous effects in
plants. A common consequence of HM toxicity is the excessive accumulation of reactive …

Iron is essential for the survival and proliferation of all plants. Higher plants have developed
two distinct strategies to acquire iron, which is only slightly soluble, from the rhizosphere: the …

The use of the essential element zinc (Zn) in the biochemistry of land plants is widespread,
and thus comparable to that in other eukaryotes. Plants have evolved the ability to adjust to …

The plant vacuole is an important organelle for storing excess iron (Fe), though its
contribution to increasing the Fe content in staple foods remains largely unexplored. In this …

The transition metal copper (Cu) is essential for all living organisms but is toxic when
present in excess. To identify Cu deficiency responses comprehensively, we conducted …

Metal transporters are a central component in the interaction of algae with their environment.
They represent the first line of defense to cellular perturbations in metal concentration, and …

Iron is an essential element for life on Earth and its shortage, or excess, in the living
organism may lead to severe health disorders. Plants serve as the primary source of dietary …

Understanding the Fe deficiency response in plants is necessary for improving both plant
health and the human diet, which relies on Fe from plant sources. In this review we focus on …

Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to plant cells. Under Cd exposure, the plant displayed leaf chlorosis,
which is a typical symptom of iron (Fe) deficiency. Interactions of Cd with Fe have been …

Rice and most staple cereals contain low iron (Fe) levels, most of which is lost during grain
processing. Populations with monotonous diets consisting mainly of cereals are especially …