How do adverse childhood experiences get 'under the skin'and influence health outcomes
through the life-course? Research reviewed here suggests that adverse childhood …

Early life stress, such as childhood abuse, neglect and loss, is a well established major risk
factor for developing depressive disorders later in life. We here summarize and discuss …

Childhood maltreatment or abuse is a major risk factor for mood, anxiety, substance abuse,
psychotic, and personality disorders, and it is associated with reduced adult hippocampal …

Exposure to traumatic stress is associated with increased risk for posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) and alterations of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) function …

This paper integrates the cumulative stress hypothesis with the mismatch hypothesis, taking
into account individual differences in sensitivity to programming. According to the cumulative …

Background A history of early adverse experiences is an important risk factor for adult
psychopathology. Changes in stress sensitivity and functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary …

BACKGROUND: Can stressful events in early life alter the response characteristics of the
human stress axis? Individual differences in stress reactivity are considered potentially …

The biological and psychological basis of pet therapy/animal-assisted therapy and what this
means for practice" A comprehensive, scientific foundation for human-animal …

Anxiety disorders are among the most common of all mental disorders and their
pathogenesis is a major topic in psychiatry, both for prevention and treatment. Early stressful …

OBJECTIVE: Altered cortisol response is a vulnerability marker for a variety of stress-related
diseases and psychiatric disorders. Childhood adversity has been shown to modify this …