Dendritic cells (DCs) are responsible for priming T cells and for promoting their
differentiation from naive T cells into appropriate effector cells. Emerging evidence suggests …

Recently it has been demonstrated that catecholamines are produced and used by
macrophages and mediate immune response. The aim of this study is to verify whether …

Crosstalk between the neuroendocrine and immune systems is essential for the
maintenance of homeostasis in our bodies. Recent advances in neuroscience and …

Background Perivascular macrophages and microglia are critical to CNS function. Drugs of
abuse increase extracellular dopamine in the CNS, exposing these cells to elevated levels …

There is a well-defined influence of dopamine (DA) within the immune system. It can be
synthesized not only in neurons, but also in immune cells, especially in T cells. In addition …

Objective The sympathetic nervous system is proinflammatory in early collagen‐induced
arthritis (CIA) and antiinflammatory in late disease. In late arthritis, sympathetic innervation of …

Objective: We investigated dopaminergic inhibition of CD4+ CD25high regulatory T
lymphocytes (Treg) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with …

Dopamine is undoubtedly produced in many, if not all, types of immune cells, and under
certain conditions can be released to the extracellular milieu by these cells, resulting in …

The existence of a surveillance and protection system against pathogens and malignant
cells has evolved until reach, in the most complex organisms, a very sophisticated immune …

Background: Dopamine has been proven to be toxic for melanocytes. In vitiligo patients the
level of dopamine is increased and the functioning of several enzymes participating in the …