Divergence and convergence in enzyme evolution: parallel evolution of paraoxonases from quorum-quenching lactonases

M Elias, DS Tawfik - Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2012 - ASBMB
We discuss the basic features of divergent versus convergent evolution and of the common
scenario of parallel evolution. The example of quorum-quenching lactonases is …

Evaluation of hydropathy of amino acids from a comparison of their viscosities inside vesicles and on supported lipid bilayers

K Sankaranarayanan, A Dhathathreyan - Colloids and Surfaces B …, 2012 - Elsevier
The viscosity of amino acids enclosed in giant lipid vesicles (ηout) subjected to a shear flow
near a solid surface has been studied using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). This …

Contrast variation

DM Engelman, PB Moore - 2012 - Wiley Online Library
The principle of contrast variation was studied in early work by Bragg & Perutz (1952 [link]),
who observed that the magnitudes of low-order reflections in X-ray studies of protein crystals …

Variation of internal contrast

DM Engelman, PB Moore - 2012 - Wiley Online Library
A second form of contrast variation can be achieved by replacing the hydrogen atoms in
biological molecules with deuterium. If, in addition, it is possible to deuterate selected …

Small-angle neutron scattering

DM Engelman, PB Moore - 2012 - Wiley Online Library
The use of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) for the study of biological macromolecules
is described. Topics covered in this chapter include: the theoretical basis of SANS; contrast …