Understanding the signals that guide neuronal development and direct formation of axons,
dendrites, and synapses during wiring of the brain is a fundamental challenge in …

The brain is the most intricate, energetically active, and plastic organ in the body. These
features extend to its cellular elements, the neurons and glia. Understanding neurons, or …

Spatial patterning of proteins (extracellular matrix, ECM) for living cells on polyacrylamide
(PA) hydrogels has been technically challenging due to the compliant nature of the …

Formation of myelin sheaths by oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the central nervous system (CNS)
is essential for rapid nerve impulse conduction. Reciprocal signaling between axons and …

Microfluidic technology allows the manipulation of mass-limited samples and when used
with cultured cells, enables control of the extracellular microenvironment, making it well …

Here we present a microfluidic platform to generate multiplex gradients of biomolecules
within parallel microfluidic channels, in which a range of multiplex concentration gradients …

Mitochondria, synaptic vesicles, and other cytoplasmic constituents have to travel long
distance along the axons from cell bodies to nerve terminals. Interruption of this axonal …

Spatial and temporal in-vivo variation of biochemical signals affects cellular behavior and
responses in live systems. To study the biological phenomena, a micro-electro-mechanical …

Phenotype denotes the observable traits or behaviors of any living subject such as cells,
animals, and humans. In the post-genomics era, the next major challenge in the biological …

Methods for generating surface-immobilized biomolecular patterns and gradients have
provided invaluable insight into the molecular basis of numerous complex biological …