Boldness and aggressiveness are two behavioural traits that have received extensive
attention in the field of animal behaviour. However, relatively little is known about how these …

Natural selection can generate correlated suites of phenotypic traits by acting independently
on physiological and behavioural characters or on mechanisms that exert pleiotropic …

Behavioural traits are often plastic and can allow animals important flexibility when
environmental conditions vary. However, studies of animal personality suggest that …

Contest theory predicts the evolution of a stable mixture of different strategies for fighting.
Here, we investigate the possibility that stable between-individual differences in startle …

Boldness, a measure of an individual's propensity for taking risks, is an important
determinant of fitness but is not necessarily a fixed trait. Dependent upon an individual's …

A suite of correlated behaviors reflecting between-individual consistency in behavior across
multiple situations is termed a “behavioral syndrome.” Researchers have suggested that a …

Consistent individual variation in behaviour has been termed 'animal personality'and has
been identified across a range of behavioural contexts including aggression, boldness in …

Despite their key role as model organisms in many behavioral studies, crustacean decapods
have been only slightly touched upon by the recent surge of scientific interest in animal …

Although the occurrence of individuals' behavioral differences in a “shyness–boldness”
continuum (ie, animals' propensity to take risks) is well established from experimental …

To showcase the importance of genotype× environment interactions and the presence of
predation risk in the experimental assessment of boldness in fish, we investigated boldness …