Abstract In 2009, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposed a set of
recommendations for the definition of distinct cell death morphologies and for the …

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species change cellular responses through diverse
mechanisms that are now being defined. At low levels, they are signalling molecules, and at …

The lysosome is a degradative organelle, and its fusion with other organelles is strictly
regulated. In contrast to fusion with the late endosome, the mechanisms underlying …

Accumulating evidence has shown that dysfunctional mitochondria can be selectively
removed by mitophagy. Dysregulation of mitophagy is implicated in the development of …

Mitochondrial respiration relies on electron transport, an essential yet dangerous process in
that it leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can be neutralized …

We investigated the role of autophagy in atherosclerosis. During plaque formation in mice,
autophagic markers colocalized predominantly with macrophages (mϕ). Atherosclerotic …

Objective: Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) represent a significant risk factor
for developing Parkinson disease (PD). We investigated the enzymatic activity of …

Extra chromosome copies markedly alter the physiology of eukaryotic cells, but the
underlying reasons are not well understood. We created human trisomic and tetrasomic cell …

Eukaryotic cells can use the autophagy pathway to defend against microbes that gain
access to the cytosol or reside in pathogen-modified vacuoles. It remains unclear if …

Background Aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αsyn) and resulting cytotoxicity is a hallmark of
sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as dementia with Lewy bodies, with …