Powerful explosive volcanic eruptions inject ash high into the atmosphere, which spreads to
form umbrella clouds. Identifying key physical processes governing the dynamics, stability …

Desalination has gained importance as an alternative water source. Brine effluent is a sub-
product of desalination and can have negative effects on marine ecosystems. Numerical …

An array of closely spaced round buoyant jets interact dynamically due to the pressure field
induced by jet entrainment. Mutual jet attraction can result in a significant change in jet …

Buoyant columns or pyroclastic flows form during explosive volcanic eruptions. In the
transition-state, these two eruption styles can develop simultaneously. We investigated the …

Four existing integral models of unsteady turbulent plumes are revisited. We demonstrate
that none of these published models is ideal for general descriptions of unsteady behaviour …

An integral model predicting the mean flow and mixing properties of inclined plane and
round turbulent buoyant jets in a motionless environment of uniform density is proposed …

Volcanic plumes are often studied using one‐dimensional analytical models, which use an
empirical entrainment ratio to close the equations. Although this ratio is typically treated as …

This paper theoretically investigates the initial up-flow of a vertical turbulent fountain (round
or plane) in a linearly stratified environment. Conservation equations (volume, momentum …

In this paper we investigate experimentally the injection of a negatively buoyant jet into a
homogenous immiscible ambient fluid. Experiments are carried out by injecting a jet of dyed …

The application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), particularly Large Eddy Simulation,
for the modelling of buoyant turbulent plumes, has been demonstrated to be very accurate …