Since antiquity, humans have used body fluids like saliva, urine and sweat for the diagnosis
of diseases. The amount, color and smell of body fluids are still used in many traditional …

Innate immunity and nutrient metabolism are complex biological systems that must work in
concert to sustain and preserve life. The effector cells of the innate immune system rely on …

Background: Neutrophils have an impressive array of microbicidal weapons, and in the
presence of a pathogen, progress from a quiescent state in the bloodstream to a completely …

Single biomarkers are rarely accurate. Even suites of biomarkers can give conflicting results.
Ideally potent combinations of variables are isolated which accurately identify specific …

Exercise can alter gene transcriptional and protein translational rates leading to changes in
protein abundance toward adaptation to exercise. We investigated the alterations in protein …

In the field of proteomics, several approaches have been developed for separating proteins
and analyzing their differential relative abundance. One of the oldest, yet still widely used, is …

Background Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) is commonly
used to identify differentially expressed proteins under two or more experimental or …