Reward contains separable psychological components of learning, incentive motivation and
pleasure. Most computational models have focused only on the learning component of …

There is great variability in the degree to which children with attention deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) improve through behavioral treatments. This study investigates the …

Background: Acetaldehyde (ACD), ethanol's first metabolite, has been reported to interact
with the dopaminergic reward system, and with the neural circuits involved in stress …

Behaviors related to desire versus dread are generated by localized inhibitions along a
rostrocaudal anatomical gradient within medial shell of nucleus accumbens of the rat. Either …